|
|
joewein.de LLC
fighting spam and scams on the Internet
|
|
"419" Scam – Advance Fee / Fake Lottery Scam
The so-called "419" scam is a type of fraud dominated by criminals from Nigeria and other countries in Africa. Victims of the scam are promised a large amount of money, such as a lottery prize, inheritance, money sitting in some bank account, etc.
Victims never receive this non-existent fortune but are tricked into sending their money to the criminals, who remain anonymous. They hide their real identity and location by using fake names and fake postal addresses as well as communicating via anonymous free email accounts and mobile phones.
Keep in mind that scammers DO NOT use their real names when defrauding people.
The criminals either abuse names of real people or companies or invent names or addresses.
Any real people or companies mentioned below have NO CONNECTION to the scammers!
Read more about such scams here or in our 419 FAQ. Use the Scam-O-Matic to verify suspect emails.
Click here to report a problem with this page.
- YOUR FIRST PAYMENT (sent from forged email address)
- UN APPEL A LA CANDIDATURE POUR BOURSES D'ETUDES SUISSES (201... BOURSE =?utf-8?B?ROKAmcOJVFVERQ==?= SUISSE <onieto@personeriabogota.gov.co>
- CALL ME 44 77000 67 341 (sent from forged email address)
- (sin asunto) "Charles G. Stanley" <charlesg@santafe.gov.ar>
- Dear Friend, (sent from forged email address)
- GREETINGS "James Villette" <ghrari01@cooltoad.com>
- PLEASE READ CAREFULLY!!! (sent from forged email address)
- Hospital message (Greetings ) Gamila Botros <a1_1111_b@yahoo.co.jp>
- =?ISO-2022-JP?Q?I=1B$B!G=1B(Bm_Diplomat_Anthony_Penna;?= Anthony Penna <nori4319@lime.ocn.ne.jp>
- UK LOTTERY PROGRAM (sent from forged email address)
- Hello Dear Aamina Madani <contact@parliamentmuseum.org>
- cSCAM VICTIM PAYMENT COMPENSATION "Ms. Carman Lapointe" <ca63938@mail.com>
- Reply (sent from forged email address)
- **** SPAM **** SCAMMED VICTIMS COMPENSATION FUND VALUED £1,2... (sent from forged email address)
- CRY FOR HELP. Vincent <vic@mail.com>
- VERTRAULICH (sent from forged email address)
- FINANCIAL SOLUTION "Mr.White Lewis" <ARNALDO.SILVA@MATERDEI.COM.BR>
- URGENT RESPOND FROM YOU "Mr. Azziz Salim" <azziz.salim0@gmail.com>
- URGENT BUSINESS PROPOSAL (sent from forged email address)
- Hello Dear Mr Enoch Darfah <mrenochdarfah00@gmail.com>
- Reply (sent from forged email address)
- New Message (sent from forged email address)
- International Monetary Fund "Mr. Jose Vinals" <cmace@collectionautogroup.com>
- From :Miss Queen David. queen david <queendavid1982@outlook.fr>
- From Miss Ababoya Cavaly. Ababoya Cavaly <ababoyacavaly2@rediffmail.com>
- Get back to me (sent from forged email address)
- THANKS "David Kofour." <michael.emmett@btopenworld.com>
- Our Ref: RTB /SNT/STB, Reply Now !!! (sent from forged email address)
- URGENT INVESTMENT PLAN Barrister Alex Keong <ania@couponcompany.co.nz>
- Hello Dear (sent from forged email address)
- My Dear Friend, erinblair4@godmail.dk
- TO WHO IT MAY CONCERN. (sent from forged email address)
- VERY IMPORTANT (sent from forged email address)
- Greetings, Diani Joseph <sakipooh824@yahoo.co.jp>
- RE: TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:. . (sent from forged email address)
- Ms.S Manar (sent from forged email address)
- Greetings to you in the most wonderful name of our Lord and ... Mrs Marinarin Vivian Akoma <edithi0iochou@yahoo.co.jp>
- Reply (sent from forged email address)
- PRIVATE. (sent from forged email address)
- Urgent Response Needed "Alan Grant" <daisy@institut-naturelle.be>
- URGENT TRANSACTION (sent from forged email address)
- Urgent please Josanne Coulibaly <yamo0512@yahoo.co.jp>
- I CONTACTED YOU FOR BUSINESS////// Mr Rasheed Bin Haji <mrsalicebrown10@yahoo.com>
- RE: USD$950,000.00 "Dr.Giuseppe Bartorilla" <paymaster20@gmail.com>
- OPEN THE ATTACHED FILE AND GET BACK TO ME mathew <frederickd82@gmail.com>
- Yours of Good Heart Mrs Mary Kobena <v0o0v04@yahoo.co.jp>
- ( Bank Of China ) kindly confirm upon reception almox@beachpark.com.br
- Your contract/inheritance sum of US$25.5million dollars has ... Federal Ministry of Finance <info.sheikh47@gmail.com>
- Ich bitte um Ihre Unterstuetzung!! Angela Martins <dubemrichmond@yahoo.co.jp>
- URGENT BUSINESS PROPOSAL (sent from forged email address)
- Diplomat Dr.Richard Hong (+60102546114) (sent from forged email address)
- IRREVOCABLE PAYMENT ORDER VIA ATM CARD CONTACT DR.ROBERT NOW. (sent from forged email address)
- Contact me urgently Abuboucar DICKO <azzia2400@gmail.com>
- GODWIN EMEFIELE "GODWIN EMEFIELE" <godwin.emefiele1968@hotmail.com>
- From :Miss Queen David. queendavid1982@godmail.dk
- Request for Co-operation on a Private Business Relationship (sent from forged email address)
- Contact me urgently Abuboucar DICKO <aisha.mou0023@gmail.com>
- URGENT REPLY NEEDED I WANT TO INVEST Mrs Melisa Williams <adnansuperrclean@gmail.com>
- Contact me urgently Abuboucar DICKO <mr.dicko.0044@gmail.com>
- ESTRICTAMENTE ENTRE USTED Y YO (sent from forged email address)
- Halten Sie diese für sich selbst, ist es wichtig, (sent from forged email address)
- (Read is for you) pdf pdflotoagent2010 <pdflotoagent2010@gmail.com>
- PAYMENT NOTIFICATION (sent from forged email address)
- Thanks for your urgent email reply. "Mr.Ibrahim" <programmedirectorregistere@gmail.com>
- Thanks for your urgent email reply. Mr ibrahim <buriibrahim@gmail.com>
- SUBJECT<FACEBOOK LOTTERY 2014!!? Facebook Lottery Team <JJDHDGSSHSGSKKDSKJ321JOHN@pure.ocn.ne.jp>
- DONATION FOR YOU (sent from forged email address)
- I CRAVE YOUR INDULGENCE IN THIS ISSUE "MR JAMES B COMEY (FBI DIRECTOR)" <mrjamesbcomey@mail2police.com>
- Re:From Mr Kam, "Mr.Kam Kellee" <kam.kellee0@gmail.com>
- Thanks and Remain blessed in the Lord. Bettencourt Gertrude <linda7_7david@yahoo.co.jp>
- FOR YOUR INFORMATION !! (sent from forged email address)
- WINNING NOTICE (sent from forged email address)
- business (sent from forged email address)
- TNT Courier Company Office Benin Republic. "Mr. DuPont David" <ww.union264@gmail.com>
- UNITED STATE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (sent from forged email address)
- Directed to you chang <rivelino.silva@citylar.com.br>
- REPLY "Mr.David Berkley" <compras@plazaintermall.com.ni>
- Business Proposal "Khaled bin Al-Faisal" <khaledbinalfaisal1@gmail.com>
- Re: Bank Draft of $500,000.00 USD to you "Mr & Mrs Allen Large"<dale.stoudt@cox.ky>
- Opportunity "Cynthia Woodward" <cynthwdward@yahoo.co.uk>
- INFORMATION "GORDON C" <prabhakar.b@samrakshana.com>
- Hello Dear Alan Reid <martin@radicongulf.com>
- Contact Miss Chika Asap! Ben Obi <test@univest.com>
- Congratulation you are a winner (sent from forged email address)
- Re: This Is For Your Notice "United States Secret Service"<info.usasecret@gmail.com>
- I URGE YOU!!!!! "HON. NDUDI ELUMELU" <myhoang@pdg.com.vn>
- =?UTF-8?Q?Charity_Work_For_You_Please_Help_Me_Thanks=E2=80=8F?= "MD. Ubulu Uzembe" <roosewelt@globo.com>
- From: Mrs. Kutsal Efruz Kutsal Efruz <blendaikeya@yahoo.co.jp>
- Van: Missen. Jessie Roberts Miss Jessie Roberts <hirosugipon123@yahoo.co.jp>
- PLEASE DON'T BETRAY ME ON THIS PROJECT.......GOD BLESS YOU (sent from forged email address)
- Congratulations...You Have Won (sent from abused email account)
- Dear Child of God "Mrs. Issabella Williams" <abbs_ahmed_01@yahoo.co.jp>
- FROM MR.RAYMOND CHUKWUEUGO MGBEOKWERE (sent from forged email address)
- YOUR ATM VISA CARD PAYMENT ON-HOLD BY US CUSTOMS (sent from forged email address)
- Important Notification Mrs./Mr.Sandra and Swety <cmace@collectionautogroup.com>
- From Mrs Silvia Cattaneo "silvia Cattaneo" <silviacattaneo@katamail.com>
- YOUR GOVERNMENT HAS FOUGHT FOR YOU. (sent from forged email address)
- FBI FUNDS TRANSFER/CREDIT NOTIFICATION ALERT!!! (sent from forged email address)
- (no subject) =?UTF-8?B?IkphY29iIEFtaW4i?= <naziharabah77@terra.com.pe>
- From Richard Morgan Richard Morgan <morgan02_0@hotmail.com>
- (no subject) "JU " <recemar@jkjkjk.com>
- Directed to you chang <maria.cortes@citylar.com.br>
- ARE YOU DEAD OR ALIVE?? (sent from forged email address)
- Greetings!!! (sent from abused email account)
- Re ...... confidential <marcia02ad@sina.com>
- Donation From Mrs Edith Coleman Mrs Edith Coleman <private_contact_20@yahoo.co.jp>
- Please indicate your interest (sent from forged email address)
- Urgent From: Mrs.Inga,, (sent from forged email address)
- I have a Business Deal Worth US$ 25,400,000.00 Reply For Mor... Kester Wilson Yen Mak <kimjones@columbus.k12.nc.us>
- This is to notify you That your funds valued $3.500.00 (sent from forged email address)
- Business Ethics Sung LEE <sleehk79@gmail.com>
- [[SPAM]]Transaktion "Mr. Julian Adams"<j.adm@bankofengland.co.uk>
- YOUR ABANDONED PACKAGE!!! (sent from forged email address)
- Re:Loan Offer at 3% Interest Rate Lexington <kimjones@columbus.k12.nc.us>
- Inquiry Eastwind Co Ltd <eastwindk3@hotmail.com>
- Can you kindly let us know the reason of your delay concerni... (sent from forged email address)
- Greeting for Partnership (sent from forged email address)
- Attn; Your long overdue lottery payment... (sent from forged email address)
- From Western Union Office India (sent from forged email address)
- INFORMATION "GORDON C" <executivedirector@dustoff.org>
- Urgent Business Proposal Anna Cossu <fischerr@glencoeschools.org>
- EFCC NIGERIA info@google.com
- Can you kindly let us know the reason of your delay concerni... (sent from forged email address)
- Beloved Blessing Collins <mrsblessingcollins01@yahoo.co.jp>
- Account Suspension!! ADMIN <kimjones@columbus.k12.nc.us>
- Re: God Bless You as You Devote Your Time Reading This Mail. (sent from forged email address)
- From Dr. Mrs. Samia Mukhtar. (sent from forged email address)
- Your E-mail Address Has won FREELOTTO Jackpot.....Congratula... "FREELOTTO INTERNATIONAL EMAIL PROMOTION PROGRAM" <info_freelotto@claims.org>
- We are currently investigating the following transaction: (sent from forged email address)
- PLEASE KINDLY GET BACK TO ME. <hannahanderson267@yahoo.com>
- Dear Friend (sent from forged email address)
- Re: Inheritance Claims. (sent from forged email address)
- Notification of Incoming Payment from Microsoft Cooperation ... " Microsoft Promotions <2014>" <emma.danielsson@crlaw.se>
- Partnership Request godwinudo@maills.de
- Letter From Mrs.Joy Wilford (sent from forged email address)
- INFORMATION "GORDON C" <tmakwani@baylor-malawi.org>
- Re: Trust Guarantee Loan <info.guarantee2@gmail.com>
- Account Suspension!! (sent from abused email account)
- (no subject) "Chang Liu" <info@chang.com>
- You can call me here for more verification +234 814 077 1127 (sent from forged email address)
- HELLO General cliff sam <generalcliff@outlook.com>
- PRIVATE. (sent from forged email address)
- Your Ref: Comply with Notice (sent from forged email address)
- Good-day, (sent from forged email address)
- Please Treat As Urgent By Responding Immediately (sent from forged email address)
- Re:Immediate payment notice. (sent from forged email address)
- Greetings <kimjones@columbus.k12.nc.us>
- My offer Ms Zaria Kabba <sololung2@yahoo.co.jp>
- Re: Truth You Need to Know.. (sent from forged email address)
- DEAL (sent from forged email address)
- I wait your quick response !!!. DAVID <akram1111100@yahoo.com.ph>
- (no subject) =?UTF-8?B?IkphY29iIEFtaW4i?= <naziharabah801@terra.com.pe>
- Hello (sent from forged email address)
- Good Day!! "Mrs.Caro Hu SeaFood Ltd" <tess@slt.lk>
- Greetings My Dearest "Mrs, Christiana Stephen" <christen_christen@hotmail.com>
- Good Day (sent from forged email address)
- Attention Beneficiary++++ (sent from forged email address)
- RE- FUND TRANSFER MATTER, (sent from forged email address)
- Business Inquiry James Mba <jamesmba281@godmail.dk>
- Please be my Guardian. Mary Qattara <maryqattara@gmail.com>
- From Mrs. Amaki Clanzo. "Mrs.Clanzo Amaki" <marilobouabre14@yahoo.co.jp>
- GREETINGS TO YOU !!! (sent from forged email address)
- ATM CARD DON WOOD <sylviabkl15@gmail.com>
- Business Inquiry James Mba <jamesmba288@godmail.dk>
- Best Regards Mr Samuel Kofi <samuelkofi490@gmail.com>
- Assalamu Alaikum!Dear Friend. Mr Abdullah Sadoma <mr.abududankara1@gmail.com>
- BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP WITH YOU , GET BACK TO ME ASAP!!! (sent from forged email address)
- I WANT TO INVEST drjawadk uru <drjawadkuru50@gmail.com>
- Re: AWAIT FOR YOUR PROPMT RESPONSE. (sent from forged email address)
- From Cyril and Shantan. Cyril Izi <cyril.izi18@gmail.com>
- Sales Inquiries Deborah Matinez <infdmatinez@gmail.com>
- From Miss. Esther Edward Esther Edward <misslunaseba2010@yahoo.co.jp>
- =?UTF-8?Q?YOUR_ATTENTION_IS_URGENT_NEEDED=E2=80=8F?= Jenifer Willie <jbelfwi039@gmail.com>
- Alibaba,ScamPages,Fedex,Dating sites,International Roaming n... (sent from forged email address)
- Investment funding Fred Knott <fredknott9@hotmail.com>
- GOOD NEWS (sent from forged email address)
- Read and get back to me urgently, "Mr.Peter Opoku" <r.pet00008@gmail.com>
- Request for Assistance / Investment gladys dia <gladysdia94@outlook.fr>
- Dear Brethren, Please, reply quickly (sent from forged email address)
- Request for Assistance / Investment gladys dia <gladysdia95@outlook.com>
- Confidential letter. "Mr. B. B.Sakuma" <bbsksk8585@gmail.com>
- I am looking forward to your prompt advice (sent from forged email address)
- Email from Mr.Joseph. Joseph Akan <j.akan1944@gmail.com>
- Business Inquiry James Mba <jamesmba310@godmail.dk>
- Please save me and my family from this mess "Mrs. Yasmina M. Ayoub" <m.sanusilamido3@gmail.com>
- INTEGRATED PAYMENT DEPARTMENT (sent from forged email address)
- =?utf-8?Q?3%_Loan_Offer_Apply_Today=E2=80=8F?= "Hijab Finance Pvt. Ltd." <cvalverde@ces.es>
- HELLO MY DEAR FRIEND "Mrs. Florence Walker" <hotline@compass-group.ru>
- =?UTF-8?Q?=6E=65=78=74=20=6F=66=20=6B=69=6E?= =?UTF-8?Q?=4A=6F=68=6E=20=4D=6F=6B=61?= <johmoka@walla.co.il>
- Business Inquiry James Mba <jamesmba317@godmail.dk>
- Message From Rita Konusu Rita Konusu <flanykoneh@yahoo.co.jp>
- Yours sister in the Lord "Mrs.Amarina.koll" <amarina.koll2@hotmail.com>
- From;Dena Paul dena paul <denapaul2@gmail.com>
- Dear Friend (sent from forged email address)
- ATTENTION.SIR/MA,PLEASE DID YOU SEND MR ROBERTO BOSCHI FROM ... Paymaster General <minoffinance_nig_paymastergen@yahoo.com>
- Subject: $50 million U.S. Dollars transaction: ADESOLA BOLA <lixin@ispeak.cn>
- Business Inquiry James Mba <jamesmba316@godmail.dk>
- PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS DEAL VERY URGENT eskomholdingsssaaaaa@gmail.com
- Please save me and my family from this mess "Mrs. Yasmina M. Ayoub" <mrs.adaora.executive.zenith@gmail.com>
- STOP CONTACTING THOSE PEOPLE!!! (sent from forged email address)
- CAN I WORK WITH YOU? (ATTACHED) Coalition Business Deal Proposal <tnthulas013@gmail.com>
- GREETINGS MY GOOD FRIEND. Joseph Opiah <joseph.opiah0@gmail.com>
- From Mrs.Gloria Pattugalan, "Mrs.Gloria Pattugalan" <gloria_pattugalan11@yahoo.co.jp>
- Dearest Precy Mulbah <precy.mulbah@hotmail.com>
- PERSONAL MEMO/ Kindly view message and get back to me asap Andrea Ronald <sladja.rd@outlook.com>
- From International Commercial Bank of Ghana , "Mr.Ebi Frank" <icb.ghana32@gmail.com>
- Re:Hiae (sent from forged email address)
- Re: "Richard Wong" <panteleeva@avriogroup.ru>
- CONGRATULATIONS!!! Coca-Cola Lottery <copier@Sportailor.com>
- Dear Child of God. "olivet.george" <olivet.george@outlook.com>
- REPLY URGENT AND CALL ME. Musa Ibrahim <musa.ib6@aol.fr>
- ( BANK OF CHINA ) Urgent Reply tina@tlcfitness.ca
- Attn plz Dr sanivar suswan <sanivar.suswandr25@gmail.com>
- (no subject) alin.musah01@terra.com
- Greetings Sonita Akhma <ibu72525@yahoo.co.jp>
- CONTRACT CLAIM info@nnpcgroup.org
- PAYMENT (sent from forged email address)
- Re:Investment in your country from Ramzi Gbagbo, Ramzi Gbagbo <ramzi23gg@outlook.com>
- Re: Greetings (sent from forged email address)
- GREETINGS MY GOOD FRIEND. john amankwa <john.amankwa01@gmail.com>
- Hello Dear Good Day (sent from forged email address)
- FROM HON NDUDI ELUMELU/// FOR OUR MUTUAL/BENEFICIAL BUSINESS... HON NDUDI ELUMELU <presidency.gov@gmail.com>
- Dear beloved one in Christ, "Mrs. Florence Richer Cancino" <richerwillingone@gmail.com>
- HI Aharona Mahla <mahlaah@libero.it>
- Your urgent respond is needed for (INVESTMENT)? (sent from forged email address)
- RE CONTRACT CLAIM info@5-1-2.com
- family in need JANSEN KATSANDE <katsandejansen@yahoo.com>
- I've been trying to reach you on phone Sunny Louie <sunny_louie197521@outlook.com>
- GOOD NEWS (sent from forged email address)
- I Mr. Usmand Daba OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENCY <usmanddabaaaaaaaa@outlook.com>
- Read and reply immediately Mrs Edith R Abed <edithabed00@yahoo.co.jp>
- From Rev Mother Rita Muellehat, Rev Mother Rita Muellehat <neconocil2014resolution@gmail.com>
- CAN YOU BE MY PARTNER........ "Cindy Osborne" <cindyosborne1972@gmail.com>
- YOUR RESPONSE PLS. "Mrs.Mray Clement" <rosemarydavis01@yahoo.co.jp>
- CALVARY GREETINGS, I AM MRS PATRICIA KNEWL A BORN AGAIN CHR... Mrs patricia knewl <williamssusan_ssss1@yahoo.co.jp>
- READ VERY CAREFULLY AND FOLLOW MY INSTRUCTIONS AS NOTED; (sent from forged email address)
- Attn: Sir/ Madam. Mr Ibrahim Zaki Musa <musamribrahim@gmail.com>
- LOAN OFFER Mrs Andrew logan <davidoleg44@gmail.com>
- Top Urgent Total Reach <totalme320@gmail.com>
- $12.5Million, ATM Master card Payment (sent from forged email address)
- (no subject) Christy Xavier <mariana.narvaez@ant.gob.ec>
- Facebook Award Notification facebook deliverysection <facebookdeliverysection7@gmail.com>
- project "Mr.mich" <aa@myfairpoint.net>
- My name is Ms. Carman L. Lapointe from UNITED NATIONS <dataunitednations12@hotmail.com>
- Email From Ms. Amy Van Wyk 210.242.56.11 account 123456 "Ms. Amy Van Wyk" <account@hibox.hinet.net>
- =?iso-8859-1?Q?De_la_se=F1ora_Nora_Matthew?= Nora Matthew <tema_johnson202@yahoo.co.jp>
- TAKE MY ADVISE !!! "Engineer Timothy Brown." <ahmad.mualla@yahoo.com>
- RE; UPDATE AND CONFIDENTIAL (sent from forged email address)
- From Ms. Abigail Vanegas. Abigail Vanegas <stanabi47@yahoo.co.jp>
- Greetings to you my dear beloved one (sent from forged email address)
- Compensation payment (sent from abused email account)
- Respond for confirmation "Mrs. Liliane Bettencourt" <info@eu.com>
- Hello "mr_ernestdabrah@outlook.com" <philipenben100@gmail.com>
- Reply Your Compensation Fund Of $2.5 Million Dollars (Efcc R... (sent from forged email address)
- Aus dem Büro von Dr. Brendan Nelson (sent from forged email address)
- INTERNET PROGRAMS "INTERNET PROGRAMS" <office@compensation.org>
- Re: Change Of Your Account Details "Mr. Daniel Ike" <danielike00007@yahoo.co.jp>
- READ VERY CAREFULLY AND FOLLOW MY INSTRUCTIONS AS NOTED; (sent from forged email address)
- Miss Elizabeth James. (sent from forged email address)
261 entries -- last updated: 2014-08-04 16:02 UTC
Sender domains:
- ant.gob.ec (1), aol.fr (1), avriogroup.ru (1)
- bankofengland.co.uk (1), baylor-malawi.org (1), btopenworld.com (1)
- ces.es (1), chang.com (1), citylar.com.br (2), claims.org (1), collectionautogroup.com (2), columbus.k12.nc.us (4), compass-group.ru (1), compensation.org (1), cooltoad.com (1), couponcompany.co.nz (1), cox.ky (1)
- dustoff.org (1)
- eu.com (1)
- glencoeschools.org (1), globo.com (1), gmail.com (47), godmail.dk (5)
- hibox.hinet.net (1), hotmail.com (8)
- institut-naturelle.be (1), ispeak.cn (1)
- jkjkjk.com (1)
- katamail.com (1)
- libero.it (1), lime.ocn.ne.jp (1)
- mail.com (2), mail2police.com (1), materdei.com.br (1), myfairpoint.net (1)
- outlook.com (7), outlook.fr (2)
- parliamentmuseum.org (1), pdg.com.vn (1), personeriabogota.gov.co (1), plazaintermall.com.ni (1), pure.ocn.ne.jp (1)
- radicongulf.com (1), rediffmail.com (1)
- samrakshana.com (1), santafe.gov.ar (1), sina.com (1), slt.lk (1), sportailor.com (1)
- terra.com.pe (2)
- univest.com (1)
- walla.co.il (1)
- yahoo.co.jp (24), yahoo.co.uk (1), yahoo.com (5), yahoo.com.ph (1)
Anti-fraud resources: